Zero trust is a security model that requires users to have authenticated and authorized access to network resources. It’s also an approach to cyber defense that assumes an untrusted user, device, or partner at all times. If you haven’t yet heard of this model, it’s probably because it was first introduced in the tech world just last year. Since that time, it has grown in popularity and so has the number of ways in which organizations are adopting zero trust security practices. If you’re interested in learning more about this model for your business, read on for a complete guide to zero trust.
What is Zero Trust Model?
Zero Trust Model is an approach to security that assumes no user, device, or partner can be trusted. It also assumes that users or devices may be actively trying to circumvent or breach the system. The opposite of zero trust is a “trust-based” approach where the focus is on only granting authenticated users access to the right resources and blocking those who are unauthenticated. This doesn’t mean you should assume you’ll never trust anyone again. However, it does mean that you should only trust others based on their actions and verified identity. This means that in a zero-trust environment, users will be granted access based on their verified identity. Parts of their device, like the operating system, will be examined to make sure it hasn’t been modified. Behavioral analysis will be used to look for abnormal activity on the device. And, other factors will be used to determine if users should be granted access to resources.
How does Zero Trust Security Work?
The primary goal of a zero trust security model is to maintain a secure environment while also enabling employees to do their jobs. Therefore, it prioritizes authentication, authorization, and inspection. Employees and devices are authenticated by verifying their identities. This ensures that only the correct users can access network resources. In addition to authentication, employees will also be given authorization. This means they will be able to access only the data and systems they need in order to perform their jobs. The device and user will be inspected regularly to make sure that they are not trying to breach the system. Otherwise, the user will be blocked from accessing any sensitive data.
Benefits of the Zero Trust Model
The zero trust model offers several benefits over the trust-based model. Here are some of the most significant ones: - Stronger Security - The strongest advantage of zero trust is that it provides the highest level of security for your organization. Zero trust security practices ensure that sensitive company data can only be accessed by authenticated and authorized employees. This reduces the risk of an insider breach and keeps sensitive data from falling into the wrong hands. - Simplified Security - Another significant benefit of zero trust is that it simplifies security across the entire network. Employees only need to be authenticated once to access all systems and data. This significantly reduces the number of systems and credentials that need to be managed. - Better User Experience - Users’ experience can also be improved with a zero trust model, thanks to shorter authentication times. A zero-trust system typically authenticates users much more quickly than a trust-based system. This means employees can get back to work sooner, while also improving productivity.
Key Elements of a Zero Trust Network
There are three key elements to a zero-trust network. They include authenticated user access, device trust, and contextual access. Here’s what these elements mean and how they differ from a typical trust-based approach: - Authenticated User Access - Authenticated user access means that all users have been verified. This includes validating their identity, what device they are using, and whether any behavioral or environmental factors are present that may indicate malicious activity. Employees’ access can only be granted if their device has been verified. And, their access to specific data and applications can only be granted if they have been verified as an authorized person. - Device Trust - Device trust means that you have verified the device that an employee is attempting to use to access the network is legitimate. This typically involves scanning the device to make sure it isn’t infected with malware. It also involves making sure the device is running the correct operating system and hasn’t been modified by hackers. - Contextual Access - Contextual access refers to the way in which a user’s access to data is managed. This is different from a trust-based model, where the focus is on granting access to resources based on an employee’s verified identity. In a zero trust model, access to data is granted based on context and verified identity. The user’s device is also examined to ensure it is secure and that no suspicious or malicious activity is occurring.
Limitations of the Zero Trust Model
As with any approach to security, there are also some limitations to the zero trust model. Among them are the following: - It Requires Significant Adjustments - The transition from a trust-based security model to a zero trust model will likely require a significant shift in the way you do business. There will likely be a need for new hiring practices, new security solutions, and new procedures for existing employees. This can present a challenge for organizations that don’t have the bandwidth or resources to make the transition. - It Requires Expertise - Implementing a zero trust model requires expertise in a wide range of disciplines. This includes identity management, network security, user behavior analytics, and more. Organizations that don’t have the personnel to accommodate this may struggle to implement a zero-trust model successfully. - It Will Require a Major Culture Shift - Any significant change to company culture is likely to be met with some resistance. As mentioned above, a transition to zero trust security will require major adjustments on the part of employees. Therefore, there will likely be some pushback against the new model.
Key Takeaway
Zero trust is an approach to security that focuses on authenticating and authorizing users, devices, and partners. This is in contrast to a trust-based model that only authenticates users. A zero trust model requires significant changes in operation, including a major culture shift, hiring practices, and the use of new security solutions. However, it provides stronger security and provides a better user experience.
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